Hyperpigmentation is a common and harmless condition that affects the color of your skin. As a result of excess melanin, a pigment that gives the skin a color, some areas of skin become darker.
There are several types of hyperpigmentation: melasma, spots, and age spots or liver spots. Darkness in some areas can cause acne, skin injury and surgery.
Several factors can be the cause of this skin condition. Let's take a look at some of them:
-To bring lots of exposure to the sun
- Hormone changes. For example, pregnant women may experience what is known as a "pregnancy mask". The main reason for this is the advantages of melanin production during pregnancy. Other hormone changes occur when taking birth control pills and during menopause.
- Taking medications containing minocycline, blemycin, amiodarone, tetracycline, chloroquine, cyclophosphamide, or quinacrine has hyperpigmentation as a side effect.
-Genetic
Skin bleaching is not the only treatment to help reduce hyperpigmentation. There are several treatments to correct this condition. Here are the top hyperpigmentation treatments you can find right now:
- Cryotherapy (freezing of skin lesions) is only useful for small, well-localized hyperpigmentation lesions, such as age spots.
- Laser purification. The first few layers of damaged skin are removed to leave the skin fresh and supple. It's more expensive but effective, although it can have side effects. Many times, doctors recommend using hydroquinone cream before laser treatment.
- Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) is a laser treatment that eliminates hyperpigmentation by heating damaged areas. It is fast and effective in eliminating local dots. When the laser re-absorbs, it is expensive and can produce some side effects.
- Chemical peels remove damaged skin layers by increasing the rate of cell renewal. Hydroxy acid is the main chemical used in this treatment and should only be used by a dermatologist.
- Microdermabrasion is a procedure that "sandblasts" the skin with aluminum oxide crystals, and other types of abrasive lightening to remove the top layer of the skin. It increases the growth rate of skin cells, reduces the amount of pigment transmitted in the skin and brightens it.
- Oral treatment. Most contain L-glutathione. L-glutathione is an antioxidant produced by our body that, in addition to attacking free radicals, inhibits melanin production. Others, based on L-Cysteine. L-Cysteine is an amino acid that works to suppress the effects of melanin and to improve glutathione naturally.
- Topical therapy (creams and lotions). The most commonly used agents in this product are phenol (i.e., hydroquinone, mequinol), retinoid (i.e. retinol and tretinoin), alpha-hydroxy acid (i.e., glycolic acid, lactic acid), glabridine (also known as licorice extract) acid, and azelaic acid.
As you can see, you have a variety of treatments to choose from. Make a decision based on the severity of your problem, your budget and your dermatological expertise.
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