Alopecia Female
1. Introduction
2.-Growth Cycles
3.-Main Cause
4.-Secondary Cause
5.-Topical treatment
6.-Oral treatment
7.-Cosmetic treatment
8. Conclusion
Introduction
With different colors, styles and variations, young or old, male or female, hair plays an important role in a person's image.
Although advertising for "hair-raising" products is almost always male-oriented, it may appear that women do not suffer from alopecia. The reality is that more than two-thirds of women face the challenge of losing hair at some point in their lives.
Many women find this very annoying, probably more so than men. In addition, women's physiology is unique, and factors such as menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause are very important.
For some women, hair loss can be genetic; However, many causes of women's hair loss can be treated.
Without a doubt, women's physical appearance depends on their hair. For many women, their hair is a sign of youth and fitness.
Hair Structure:
The outer part of the hair, called the trunk, is the part of the hair we see and style. In fact it is a dead tissue produced by hair follicles, a small bag-shaped structure located inside the scalp. Each hair is included in the follicle.
The average head has 100,000 hairs. At the base of the follicle are oval-shaped roots, which are responsible for hair growth. Below this is the papilla, which contains blood capillaries that supply blood to each hair.
As hair grows, the cells move to the surface of the skin and become a protein called keratin, replaced by new cells. Keratin is the same protein found in nails.
The stem consists of 3 layers: the cuticle, the cortex and the medulla. The cuticle, or outer layer, is made up of small cells known as scales. The cuticle acts as a case for the cortex, the thickest part of the stem, consisting of cells arranged in the form of tobacco leaves. The cortex holds a pigment that gives her hair color. The medulla is made up of cells in the shape of a case and lies in the center. The space between the cells in the medulla affects the light emission in the tone and hair.
Glands and muscles
Her hair is lubricated by the oily secretion of the sebum gland, which is located in the most part of the follicle. Around these glands and their entire follicles, there are muscle arrays that allow the hair to stand up when a person is cold or scared.
Growth cycle
The average head has 100,000 hairs. Hair grows and renews regularly. On average, 50 to 100 hairs fall daily. If there is no problem, this loss will most likely be lost.
Hair grows about 1 cm a month, although this growth is decreasing as we age. Every hair on your head stays for about two to six years, and over time it grows. As the hair grows older it enters the resting stage where it stays in the head, but stops growing. At the end of this phase hair fall. Usually, follicles replace hair within six months, but many factors can interfere with this cycle. The result may be that the hair falls off sooner or later. Usually 90% of hair is in continuous growth (anagen phase) lasting 2 to 6 years. 10% of the hair is in a resting phase, which lasts about 2-3 months. At the end of this stage it is common for hair fall (telogen phase).
When hair falls it is replaced by new hair from the hair follicles, located under the skin. During one's life there are no new hair follicles. Blonds have the most hair (140,000 hair) followed by dark hair (105,000) and red hair (90,000). As we age the hair growth rate decreases, leading to progressive hair thinning. Because hair is made up of proteins (keratin), and this ingredient is also in nails, it is important that everyone swallows or eats a large amount of protein to maintain healthy hair production. Protein is found in meat, chicken, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, cereals, nuts and soy.
Main reason
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss. It is mainly determined by 3 factors: aging, hormones, and offspring.
Most people experience hair loss as they age. The result may be partial or total baldness. Men are more likely than women to experience baldness and hair loss as they age, but "female baldness" can also be inherited, which can lead to moderate or significant hair loss in women as they age. Hair loss seems to be between the ages of 25 and 30. In women's hair loss, the hair is replaced by thinner and shorter hair. Hair may be transparent.
Usually, hair loss in women is less obvious than in men. Also, the pattern in which the hair falls out is different. It is the most prominent part of the hair, as well as the crown of the head, besides the frontal hairline. It is inherited from both father and mother.
About 50% of women with hair loss have "baldness". In this case there is a large amount of dihydrotestosterone (male hormone) in the hair follicles. Conversion of testosterone to DHT is regulated by the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme in the scalp. Over time, the action of DHT lowers, and shortens the growth phase of follicles (Anagen). Although the follicles are technically alive, they grow less and less each time. Some follicles simply die, but most become smaller and thinner. Because the Anagenic Phase remains so short, the hair gradually flows and falls so smooth that it can no longer hold the hair every day. Baldness turns into long hair, thickly pigmented into thin, clear and light hair. However, the sebum gland attached to the follicle remains the same size and continues to produce the same amount of sebum. While medical treatments (flutamide, cyproterone or spironolactone) can reduce male hormones, reduce sebum glands, and reduce the production of these hormones in sebum can cause less damage.
There are also factors of resistance to baldness. In essence, the immune system begins to target hair follicles in the field of alopecia. Male hormone (DHT) increases during puberty begin this process.
Secondary cause
A variety of factors can cause hair loss, usually temporary, in women:
Birth control pills
The pill contains two substances, synthetic estrogen and progestin. Women who experience hair loss while taking contraceptive pills are more likely to have progressive hair thinning. This can be accelerated by the effects of male hormones that have several progestagens. If this happens, it is advisable to switch to another type of oral contraceptive. Also, when a woman stops using certain oral contraceptives, she may see hair loss 2-3 months later. It lasts about 6 months and usually stops. It is similar to hair loss that occurs after childbirth.
Iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency causes hair loss in men and women. However, in women, this problem is more prevalent, especially in those with long or heavy menstrual cycles. Iron deficiency can be easily detected by analysis, and corrected by medical treatment.
Diet
Low protein diets can also cause hair loss, such as low iron intake. Vegetarians, people with low protein diets, and patients with anorexia nervosa may be deficient in protein. When this happens, the body helps preserve the protein by moving the hair growth to rest. This can result in heavy hair loss about 3 months after the hair growth enters the break. When the hair is pulled, it comes out easily at the root. This process can be reversed with medical treatment, which requires adequate protein intake.
Post-partum
Some women lose significant amounts of hair 2-3 months after giving birth. When a woman gives birth, too much hair enters the rest phase. 2-3 months after she can see a lot of hair in the brush or brush after brushing her hair. Hair loss can last about 6 months. The problem is, in most cases, resolved after appropriate medical treatment. Not all new mothers will experience this, and not all women will experience hair loss with every pregnancy.
Pressure and illness
You may lose hair 1-3 months after stress, such as major surgery. High fever, infections, severe or chronic illnesses can also lead to hair loss.
Thyroid disease
Inactive or hyperactive thyroid can cause hair loss. The disease is diagnosed by clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. This case requires special handling.
Medications
Some medicines used in cancer chemotherapy cause hair cells to stop their part, causing fragile, more fragile hair to break easily as they arise from the scalp. This phenomenon occurs 1-3 weeks after the start of anticancer treatment. Patients can lose 90% of their hair. In most patients, hair grows back when anticancer treatment ends.
Also, many popular medicines can cause hair loss.
Cholesterol-lowering drugs: clofibrate (Atromis-S) and gemfibrozil (Lopid).
carp for Parkinson's: levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa).
Anti-ulcer drugs: cimetidine (Tagamet), liquid (Zantac) and famotidine (Pepcid).
Anticoagulants: Coumarina and Heparin.
Anti-crazy agents: Allopurinol (Loporin, Zyloprim, Zyloric).
Anti-arthritis: penicillamine, auranofin (Ridaura), indomethacin (Inacid), naproxen (Naprosyn), Sulindac (Clinoril) and methotrexate (Folex).
Eritative Vitamin A: isotretinoin (Accutane, Roacutan) and etretinato (Tegison, Tigason).
Anti-convoy / antiepileptic: trimethadione (Tridion).
Anti-depressants: tricyclics, amphetamines.
Beta blockers for high blood pressure: atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor), nadolol (Corgard), propranolol (Inderal) and timolol (Blocadren).
Anti-thyroid: carbohydrate, iodine, thiocianato, thiouracilo.
Another anticoagulant, male hormone (anabolic steroids).
Alopecia Areata
Common diseases that result in hair loss on the scalp and other parts of the body. It affects men and women of all ages, but more often youth. Affected follicles significantly reduce their hair production. They become very small and produce invisible hair. These follicles are in a state of relaxation, and can at any time resume their normal activity after receiving the signal. Some people build just a few balconies that return to normal within about a year. Some people lose all the hair on their head (alopecia totalis). In others all body hair is lost (universal alopecia). It is believed that alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease in which the body mistakenly produces antibodies to the hair follicles (autoallergic). Anxiety and anxiety can trigger illness or prevent it from healing. Treatment includes injecting cortisone, or by using Minoxidil, cyclosporin, steroid cream or Anthralin to the affected area. In selected cases, UVA treatment, or the use of dilute peppers in the wound is used to produce allergic eczema to stimulate the follicles to relax.
Tinea / wrinkle
Fungal infections of the scalp. Small patches can cause hair loss and loss.
Improper hair care
Many women apply chemical treatments to their scalp, such as coloring, highlighting, and perm. Chemicals can damage the hair if done improperly. Hair becomes weak and fragile when these ingredients are used too often, leaving too long, bleaching earlier, or when two or more procedures are performed on the same day. If the hair becomes too porous and tedious with excessive exposure to chemical treatments, it is advisable to postpone this treatment until the hair is restored. Shampooing, brushing and brushing are necessary for proper hair care, but if done too much or improperly can damage the hair, cause it to break in the stalk, or cause split ends. You can use conditioner or hair products after shampoo to reduce the power required to comb your hair and make it easier to manage. When there are split ends, and hair that is difficult to comb, it is advisable to use hair repair products with silicone serums. Excess water cannot be dried and rubbed hard with towels. When the hair is wet, the structure is more fragile, and brushing or brushing teeth should be avoided. Forget the old suggestions for brushing or brushing too much, as they damage the hair. Use a brush with different teeth and a thin, bristly brush (preferably a wild boar brush). Hairstyles that require tension on the hair such as curls and braids should be replaced with loose hairstyles to avoid a continuous pull that can result in hair loss, especially on the scalp.
Topical Treatment
1. Minoxidil. Is a vasodilator agent orally used in the treatment of hypertension and is now widely used in treating various types of alopecia. In general, 1 ml of lotion is used twice daily (every 12 hours) for dry hair, as moisture improves product penetration several times. Works best on younger men than women (20 years old), especially for those with mild hair loss (thinning) on the crown, or 3-4 cm small bald patch, but also works for receding hairlines. The response to Minoxidil varies from person to person. Treatment should take 2 to 5 years. The scalp will start to grow more hair than small thinning hair. Minoxidil causes hair to grow thicker and healthier. The result is better for people with less than 2 years of hair loss. Most see fuzz grow in the first few months. Some experience hair loss after the first application. This is because old hair must fall in order for new hair to grow. Positive results can be seen in 4-8 months, although the maximum effect of Minoxidil is between 12-14 months.
2. Pyrimidine N-oxides. A general class of hair tonic similar to Minoxidil (2.4-Diaminopyrimidine Aminexil-3-oxide). Results in over 250 men and women included 8% hair growth after 6 weeks of treatment, compared to a decrease in placebo hair growth.
3. Tretinoin. Has been used for many years in acne treatments. It is also a hair tonic in the appropriate dosage, especially in combination with Minoxidil. If taken together, use Minoxidil first, wait for it to dry (usually 15-30 minutes) and then use Tretinoin. Tretinoin should only be used at night. A slight irritation to the scalp is expected, especially at the beginning of treatment.
4. Topical Estrogen. Diabetes or progesterone solutions can be used daily for 6-12 months.
5. Natural treatment. There are many treatments with vitamins, amino acids sulfur (cysteine, methionine, tiazolidin carboxylic acid), minerals (zinc) and plant extracts (Indian horse chestnut, calendula) which are helpful as supplements and promote healthier hair. Sulfur favors the formation of keratin, a protein that gives structure to the hair. The plant extract acts to stimulate circulation and revitalize the hair follicles. Zinc gluconate is astringent and reduces sebaceous secretion by preventing DHT production when used topically. Amniotic fluid and tricosacarides hydrate and stimulate follicles.
6. Other. Recently, lotions containing superoxide dismutase (a copper peptide ligand) have been used to strengthen and activate hair growth. This is based on the fact that there are chemicals in the body that send signals to the hair follicles to initiate the Anagen and telogen phases. In this sense, the focus is on the telogen (rest phase) phase, while the nitric oxide causes the hair to enter the anagen (growth) phase. Clearly, treatment should stimulate nitric oxide levels and reduce superoxide radical levels used in superoxide dismutase and antioxidant agents.
Oral treatment
Androgenetic alopecia is not caused by vitamin deficiency, it is recommended that the addition of certain amino acids sulfur (arginine, cysteine), vitamins and minerals (biotin, iron, folic acid) help with dietary capillaries, reduce fat, and promote synthesis of proteins that give structure to the hair (keratin ). Many of these compounds have antioxidant action.
DHT is an androgen (male hormone) that competes for a place in hair follicle receptors. If the follicle receptor is occupied by another agent, DHT cannot enter the hair follicle and therefore does not cause aggressive action. The problem is to prevent DHT in other parts of the body's signs of feminization can be shown in men. On the contrary, for women this block is less problematic.
"Zinc affects the hormone levels when taken orally and inhibits DHT production when used topically.
"Espirolactona. It is used as a diuretic. It is one of the most powerful antiandrogens. Reduces DHT, a hormone that causes hair loss. Also can be used topically, which is not absorbed and does not produce any internal effects. It is used in doses of 50 to 100 mg. It can change the menstrual cycle and improve bleeding in some patients, but is usually well tolerated.
"CPA (cyproterone acetate) is a derivative of anti-progesterone with antiandrogenic effects, used to control androgenetic alopecia in women only, not used in men, used in combination with ethinilestradiol. For at least 12 months and often takes 2 years to repair. It is best to start treatment within the first two years of the onset of alopecia and stop hair loss and improve hair quality.
"flutamide, another antioxidant shown for women. The treatment lasts for 1-2 years.
"Antioxidants Other Ketoconazoles are antifungal agents with antiandrogenic properties. For men treatment can be very effective with Finasteride, a drug commonly used to treat prostate hypertrophy.
Cosmetic treatment
Cosmetic treatments include creative hairstyles, wigs, and hair transplants. To reduce the visual impact of thinning hair, a disguise method can be used.
Keeping the hair short, will make it look less patched. This will also make it easier to maintain. Longer hair produces bunches and locks of hair, showing large areas of scalp.
A skilled hairdresser can disguise thinning hair in certain areas. If hair is thin at the hairline, hairline and extends to temples, ask your hairdresser to cut your hair short in the front, and allow it to stay longer at the temples.
If your hair is thinner on the crown of your head, be sure to have short, long neck hair. Long hair is heavier, and it pulls hair, separates it from the crown and shows more bald areas. If you still have thick hair on the roof of the head, leave it long and close the bald head.
If the hair is very thin it is harder to cover the area of alopecia. You can try fiber permits to increase hair volume.
If you have dark hair, you can try to lighten it slightly to reduce the difference between the hair and the other scalp, making the skin less noticeable.
The only cosmetic trick that can be used on women is to apply a little shade of hair, on the scalp over the thinning hair area. This is harmless and can make your hair thinner.
Finally, do not use products that make tuff or hair locks together. This makes the scalp space look easier.
Proper shampoo
Keeping your hair clean helps maintain the health and beauty of your hair. Frequency of washing and washing for each individual is an important factor and should be recommended by a dermatologist. In the case of oily hair accompanied by thinning hair, it is often washed as it reduces the fat on the scalp. It is important to have clean and oily hair, as sebum contains high levels of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone (male hormones) which can be absorbed into the skin and affect the hair follicles. In cases of dandruff and oily hair it is frequently washed if it is best to switch to shampoo treatment for regular use. With this shampoo, you need to wash your hair twice, and the second time leave it for 2 -3 minutes without rubbing it. The tooth must be wide and separated. Avoid metal brushes. If the hair is split (tricoptilosis) it can be repaired with a silicone-based polymer repair serum, which acts as a patch on the split ends.
Conclusion
Hereditary hair loss cannot be cured, but it can be controlled, and treated better quickly. There are currently no perfect treatments for androgenetic alopecia, but there are drugs that stop hair loss and prolong the life of the hair follicles.
We must consider hair treatment now and in the future as hair needs living hair follicles. With malignant follicles it is miniature and dies after 5-10 years. With any treatment, you will get better results with more living follicles. Many other hair problems are temporary and can be treated by dietary measures and other measures. In this case, good dietary habits and taking vitamins, minerals and antioxidant supplements help stop hair loss and resume normal growth after a few months. For more information on hair loss, consult your dermatologist, as skin diseases include hair and nail diseases. Don't be influenced by ads for "hair tonic" or by hairdressers.
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