Viral gastroenteritis, also known as "stomach flu", is a very common infection of the stomach and intestines. It is the second most common disease found in American families and causes about 50,000 hospitalizations a year. Viruses are transmitted from infected people to humans and transmitted from person to person through silver, food and contaminated food. These viruses can become highly contagious and "outbreaks" may occur if hand washing and sterilization are not performed in public facilities. Viral gastroenteritis outbreaks are common in schools, hospitals, long-term care facilities, prisons, dorms, and yachts.
The viruses that cause gastroenteritis are rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, saporvirus and astrovirus. Rotavirus is the most common virus involved in this disease. It causes endemic gastroenteritis in infants and children. Norovirus (Norwalk virus) accounts for ninety percent of all gastroenteritis outbreaks in the U.S. Although "stomach flu" implies the influenza virus is associated with this infection, it is not.
Viral gastroenteritis is characterized by severe muscle aches, cramps and chills that precede nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and / or diarrhea. Vomiting and diarrhea often relieve nausea and pain. Vomiting and diarrhea are usually non-bleeding and impurities can be light. People often feel tired and dehydrated because of the energy involved in clearing infections and losing fluid through vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms start 1-2 days after being infected with the virus and 1-10 days after, depending on the virus involved.
Viral gastroenteritis treatments include rest, analgesics and rehydration. Tylenol can be used to treat fever and muscle cramps. Addition of fluids with water, electrolyte drinks or oral rehydration solutions (sugars and electrolytes) is essential to prevent dehydration. When replacing fluids, it is important to replace volumes and electrolytes such as sodium, chloride, hydrogen and potassium. Water as hydration helps to replace volume, but if given too much without electrolyte replacement, the relative concentration of essential ions decreases and metabolic / electrolyte imbalances occur in the body. Re-hydration should occur with an electrolyte drink to protect against hyponatremia. A quality sports drink will meet this need.
One should drink enough fluid to keep their mouth moist and their urine yellow clear. When diarrhea and / or vomiting diminishes, one may slowly introduce snacks into the diet. Snacks include jelly, saltine crackers, pudding, rice, bread and meatless soups. It is important to watch for abdominal cramps, retching or fluid stools when trying to maintain a normal diet, these symptoms may indicate that the intestines are still inflamed from infection and need more time to heal.
Adequate hydration is especially important for young people (infants), the elderly, the weak and immunocompromised - their bodies have been stressed and gastroenteritis can take a toll on the body. These people are usually either dependent on others for fluids and food or have difficulty maintaining a healthy diet. Vomiting and diarrhea may damage their bodies from limited water and energy stores.
In the event of dehydration, the body's normal fluid balance is disrupted and may occur electrolyte (sodium, potassium, hydrogen, bicarbonate, and chloride) abnormalities. When the electrolyte abnormality is severe and prolonged, the functioning of the nervous system, cardiovascular, pulmonary and kidney is compromised. Dehydration is characterized by fatigue, dry mouth, decreased urination, loose skin and lightheadedness (especially when changing from standing to standing).
Although one may be tempted to use anti-diarrheal (Imodium) and anti-vomiting (Phenergan) drugs, these types of drugs are not recommended during the course of the disease. Vomiting and diarrhea are a way for the body to get rid of the virus, and while these symptoms may be unpleasant and uncomfortable, it is important to allow the body's natural defense mechanisms to work. Exceptions to this rule occur when one is unable to withstand fluid and dehydration; The use of anti-diarrhea drugs can help the body restore its fluid balance.
Viral gastroenteritis can be prevented by careful washing after eating and using the bathroom and wiping surfaces that come in contact with food contaminated with germ cleaners. Eating a balanced diet and taking supplements that boost the immune system can also prevent someone from getting gastroenteritis virus.
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