Hyperpigmentation and Melasma are two skin pigmentation disorders that commonly affect our face. Both are similar but very different. Melasma is a form of Hyperpigmentation. Therefore, both sides have the same coin. To erase the differences, let's understand them separately.
Hyperpigmentation
The darkening of a particular area due to excess melanin production (responsible for skin color) is called Hyperpigmentation. There are several types: freckles, sun spots, liver spots, pregnancy masks etc.
Cause
There are various causes and conditions where Hyperpigmentation arises from inflammation & acne, it is called Post Hyperpigmentation Inflammatory (PIH). Some reasons include:
Too much for the sun
Skin injury
Cauterization
Leather products
Medicines such as anti-seizures and antibiotics
Treatment
The good news is that the disease can be treated. There are many ways to help get rid of skin pigmentation.
Topical Agents - Using topical agents like Kojic, azelaic or mandelic acid helps a lot as it uses alpha hydroxy acids that rejuvenate the skin.
Laser Skin - CO2 and fractional lasers are used to revitalize the skin on the spots.
Sun shaving - As an easy step, wearing sunscreen is a must to avoid further pigmentation. It must be a broad spectrum (which blocks UVB and UVA).
Intense pulsing light (IPL) - Non-surgical treatment that uses certain wavelengths of light to target darker skin.
Skin Lighting Cream - This cream is a combination of soy milk, calcium, hydroquinon, cucumber and azelaic acid that slows down melanin production.
Natural Ways - Using products like lemon juice, Aloe Vera, sliced cucumbers, turmeric and raw potatoes in dark areas will definitely help you.
Melasma
Melasma is a type of pigmentation on the face most commonly found in women. Also called a pregnancy mask, it is characterized by brown spots, which are black in symmetry. They can also appear on the forehead and upper lip.
Cause
The fact about Melasma is that there is no known cause. The most popular predictions are hormone triggers such as progesterone, estrogen, birth control pills & medications. This is the experience of pregnant women that makes it easier for women (over 90% of women).
Other common causes include:
UV light exposure
Probably a descendant
Skin cosmetics are annoying
Pressure (to a certain extent)
Treatment
Unfortunately, there is no treatment for Melasma and treatment is harder than Hyperpigmentation. If induced during pregnancy, there is no need for treatment. Dark spots automatically disappear with time.
Other treatments include:
Hydroquinone Cream - According to your doctor, you should use some creams with hydroquinone that lighten the skin to help the spots eventually fade.
Relax - Lower stress levels and activities like yoga, meditation and walking can significantly lower Melasma.
Topical Steroids - Apply to medicines containing ingredients such as Kojic acid, paper mulberry, skin extract, lactic acid, bearberry etc. which are chemicals used on the skin.
Chemical skin - The process by which the top layer of skin is sweated by the solution applied on the skin.
Fraxel - People with scars & wrinkles can undergo this treatment. It is effective in treating superficial Melasma.
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