Everyone has pigmentation on their skin. Pigmentation refers to the color of a person's skin. Skin color is determined by the amount of melanin in a person's skin. Darker skin has more melanin and lighter skin. Excessive melanin can be produced by the skin in response to "injuries" such as tons of sun, trauma, or inflammation, and when dark spots appear on the skin. Melanins can also be affected by hormone levels, birth control pills and pregnancies ("pregnancy masks" usually appear as dark spots on the cheeks). Extensive skin coloration is referred to as melasma by dermatologists and skin care experts. Melasma can occur on the epidermis layer, closer to the skin surface, or dermal layer, deeper into the skin lining. Epidermal hygiene is easier to treat because of its location.
This article will discuss more about treating epidermal hyperpigmentation than skin pigmentation - which can still be treated, but may be more stubborn. A dermatologist or skin care specialist can determine your level of hyperpigmentation using a wooden lamp - a diagnostic dermatologist - that uses ultraviolet light to see the skin.
Before we discuss the options of hyperpigmentation treatment, an important note to take is that prevention is key to keeping your skin feeling better and free from unwanted sun damage. Daily use of sunblock with SPF 30 or higher can make a different world for your skin in the long run. There are many types of sunscreen and sunblock available today, but what experts recommend is that they provide a physical block from the sun. These physical sunblocks contain either titanium dioxide and / or zinc oxide to reflect the sun's rays from your skin. Chemical sunroins, on the other hand, provide protection but absorb sunlight and can warm the skin. If you do not have access to physical sunblock, the use of chemical sunscreen is recommended instead of using any sun protection at all. If you are in a hot and sunny location, the hat also provides an excellent barrier, especially if you will be in the sun for a long time.
Hyperpigmentation can be treated in many ways through home care or with a variety of treatments at a doctor's office, usually a dermatologist or cosmetic surgeon.
Lately there has been an influx of "bleaching agent" products in the market, in drugstores or at the counter. While some may help alleviate your spots, you may not always get the results you are trying to achieve especially since these products are not as strong as they are to provide the best results. There are skin care products that are only sold through doctors that will work best. Most of these products contain hydroquinone, a lightening agent, and are often paired with retinoids, a product that increases cell turnover. Products containing alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) and amino acids also accelerate the shedding of dead skin cells and new production, keeping the skin looking vibrant and healthy.
Skin peeling - which promotes faster cell turnover - is another way to speed up the process of shedding excess skin. Medical grade chemical peels, performed under the supervision of a doctor, create "controlled" injuries to the skin that cause exfoliation. Usually the skin can be treated in conjunction with other types of treatments such as intense pulsed light-based therapeutic procedures.
Lightweight face light can improve skin texture and reduce redness from rosacea, age spots, sun damage, spider veins and uneven pigmentation. This therapy works at various stages, literally, because the broad spectrum of light is absorbed at different levels in the skin. The down time for this kind of treatment is minimal.
Another treatment for melasma and hyperpigmentation is fragmentation resection. Instead of using light, this therapy uses radiofrequency to reach deep into the skin layer resulting in "controlled" injuries beneath the upper layers of the skin to maximize collagen production. Not only does this increase brown spots and texture aberrations, but it also works well for treating mild and moderate wrinkles.
The most severe hyperpigmentation treatment is to have a plastic surgeon or chemotherapy dermatologist. This is done under anesthesia and it combines the skin of the dermis with dermabrasion. This is a more aggressive treatment with a definite time for proper healing. Most people with mild melasma or hyperpigmentation may find other treatment options cheaper than chemabrasion and yield very promising results.
Hyperpigmentation, while not usually life-threatening, is a popular concern because people like to put their "best" forward. The good news is that pigmentation correction is possible but it does take time. Most of the procedures mentioned above usually require a series of weeks or months. There is no "quick fix" (other than closure) to treat hyperpigmentation but if you have the patience and resources, there is therapy that will give you lasting results.
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