The bottle you buy at a grocery store for clean white clothing has the right name - and it's not chlorine bleach. This is a common misunderstanding - the correct ingredient name is sodium hypochlorite. Bleach is a term for a class of chemicals called oxidants. Oxidation is a highly reactive chemical that causes the breakdown of many organic compounds such as dyes, pigments and food effects leading to whitening or "bleaching" effects. This degree of reactivity is useful in certain applications but it can also cause problems.
Home bleach is mostly made up of only 6% sodium hypochlorite. The remaining gallon size is 94% plain H2O. The type of bleach using an average pressure washer is an industrial grade higher than 10-12% sodium hypochlorite. There are more than 50 types of products around the world called bleach or bleaching agents - a loose term since the word in its simplest definition simply means it will emit color. The dye and pigment have alternating bonds of two molecules that produce color. The bleaching oxidation reaction breaks down these molecules into double bonds that make their chromosomes shorter and therefore absorb light at shorter wavelengths. This process makes the current color white. Some bleaching or bleaching agents only create a single, double bond that does not allow absorption of light either.
The most common type of bleach in recent years is reactive and slow working Oxygen or Peroxygen Bleach, such as sodium percarbonate, persulfate or sodium perborate. This work by releasing oxygen but this time hydrogen peroxide is an active ingredient. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching has less bleaching action and slows down. This allows its use on colored surfaces and colored fabrics.
Bleach, Bubbling Effects and Connections to France
Bleach is an alkaline solution created by boiling chlorine gas, by electrolysis, through a solution of sodium hydroxide commonly called lye to adjust its pH to 12-13%. This adjustment improves its stability. Liquid hypochlorite bleaching was first discovered in 1787 in France near Paris by chemist Claude Louis Berthollet. Bleach is known as the Eau de Javel in France, after the village where it was first created. It was originally used to clean textiles and was not until Louis Pasteur and his work with him in the late nineteenth century until he was widely used as a sanitizer and disinfectant. This is the main reason why bleach is used in conjunction with today's cleaning pressures - excellent eradication properties and the ability to kill and remove dirt from mold, fungus and mildew. Bleach kills mold microbes by reacting (oxidizing) by damaging cell membranes and cell proteins. For normal surface removal of 50-100 ppm (parts per million) bleach can be used. To remove mushroom impurities higher than 1-3% Chlorine is required. For pool 1-3 ppm Chlorine must be maintained. Chlorinated isocyanurates and calcium hypochlorite are more stable powders than liquid bleach and are more commonly used in pools. When dissolved in water, they form hypochlorite and act as a liquid bleach. Bleach can emit small amounts of as little as 1-3 ppm with water. Do you know? Liquid bleach will slowly lose its chlorine content with age by exposure to air, and faster in high heat or with sun exposure. That is why the chlorine pool level is always checked and why the bleach bottle is never clear. Liquid bleach should be tightly closed and stored in cool, dry, well ventilated areas. For example in the summer of summer the solution of bleach by 12% can lose 1% in a week, down to 10% in two weeks and as low as 8% in a month, but in winter that can be cut in half. This is what Clorox bleach makers say. "The bleaching solution needs to be fresh every day. Once diluted, the bleaching drops rapidly — especially to salt and water." ** And that "Clorox® Regular-Bleach should be replaced annually and kept as directed for optimal performance." * * For Pressure Cleaners, it is best to buy only what you can use in a few months and only to mix the needed bleach cleaning solution and not store large quantities in clear or semi-clear containers in the hot sun.
Mildew? Bleach Alone Not Enough
For many years the bleach has been used by pressure washers only with water to clean surfaces such as houses or concrete with mold and satin mold. But only bleaching with water will be the bead and the acne application decision may occur. Addition of compatible detergents will allow the solution to "wet" the surface to give better results. Be extra careful to make sure the detergent is appropriate and labeled for use in chlorine solution. Contact a detergent manufacturer if you are unsure. Using improper detergents can be dangerous! An additional TSP (Tri-Sodium Phosphate) is recommended by some companies and industries such as the asphalt roofing association alone today. They even recognize their bleach recipe as the only way to get rid of the black lines that form on their roof syrup. The color change found in asphalt roofing material is apparently an algae or mold called Gloeocapsa Magma. Asphalt crabs themselves are a source of food for algae. They recommend a bleach recipe that will release the algae safely but only on the surface. Using 12% bleach, the solution is made up of one cup of TSP, one gallon of bleach and five gallons of water, up to one cup of TSP and 2.5 gallons of each bleach and water. * Molds have roots called hyphae, and when they penetrate below and onto the surface of the material, they will only grow again when the conditions are right, which include shade and moisture or water which is bleaching 90% or more. Likewise, the act of cleaning the mold and the mushrooms with bleach and water, which can give new fuel to the fire for a new cycle of mold growth to begin. Please note that TSP has been banned in laundry products in some parts of the country especially near the ocean such as in the Chesapeake, MD and San Francisco, CA areas. You may need to check with your local clean water authority before using a product with a TSP that can be introduced to the water system. There is no real method for disposing of full strength bleach that is not used other than neutralizing chlorine first and then lowering the pH before disposal. To do this correctly, you must take it to the generator or treatment facility listed by RCRA.
Vegetation and Pollution - Be careful
Bleach has several concerns when used in pressure washing. At least one of them is that if it is not sufficiently drained and diluted by large quantities of water, runoff can kill plants, plants and grass around the house, sidewalk or driveway. Bleach must also be properly stored and usually not mixed with anything but water or specially, chlorine-compatible fibers. Never mix bleach with ammonia and ammonia based cleaning solutions. Mixing bleach with ammonia or nitrogen-bearing compounds produces a very annoying and explosive compound called Chloramines. When mixed with less stable chlorine solution it is called hypochlorous acid which will release toxic chlorine gas into the air. Commercial bleach contains additional alkali in their formulation to ensure a solution at very high pH around 12 to prevent chlorine from becoming gas but acids can easily neutralize this advantage. Mixing bleach with inappropriate substances can cause anything from minor irritation to the skin, eyes, nose and throat to very dangerous deadly smoke that burns lung tissue leading to respiratory arrest or death or the explosion of gas. . You should not use reusable containers to mix or store other chemicals or cleaners for this purpose unless they have been rinsed properly. When working with bleach to wash power, workers' protection should be safety glasses, durable gloves, flip flops and water proof shirts over long sleeves and trousers. You should also check the equipment you run bleach regularly to make sure the metal parts are not compromised. Clorox® conditioner "Many spray bottles contain metal parts in the trigger spray. Bleach will destroy this part over time." ** It is always smart to rinse all parts of the metal well with clear water and not leave any bleaching solution in place when not in use.
If handled properly and respected, bleach is a partner in the pressure-cleaning industry because of its eradication, mold killers and bleaching capabilities.
* www.asphaltroofing.org, technical bulletin "Roof Algae Change"
** www.clorox.com
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